The standard definition of intuitionism (especially in epistemology and ethics) generally refers to immediate, self-evident knowledge that does not require logical reasoning or empirical evidence. However, Rudolf Steiner’s "Cognitive Intuitionism" in The Philosophy of Freedom is fundamentally different in both method and application.
1. Standard Intuitionism (Common Definition)
- Epistemology (Knowledge Intuitionism) → Truths are grasped immediately and self-evidently, often seen as innate (e.g., mathematical axioms or logical principles).
- Ethical Intuitionism → Moral truths are known intuitively, without needing justification through reason or experience (e.g., G.E. Moore’s concept of "good" as an indefinable quality).
- Passivity →…